Metal coordination compound, luminescence device and display apparatus

ABSTRACT

An electroluminescence device having a layer containing a specific metal coordination compound is provided. The metal coordination compound is represented by formula (1) below:  
     ML m L′ n   ( 1 ),  
     wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′ n  is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:  
                 
 
     at least one of the optional substituent(s) of the cyclic groups, and the cyclic groups CyC1 and CyC2 include an aromatic group capable of having a substituent represented by the following formula (5):  
                 
 
     The metal coordination compound having the aromatic group is effective in providing high-efficiency luminescence and long-term high luminance.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART

[0001] The present invention relates to an organic luminescence device (also called an organic electroluminescence device or organic EL device) for use in a planar light source, a planar display, etc. Particularly, the present invention relates to a novel metal coordination compound and a luminescence device having a high luminescence efficiency and causing little change with time by using a metal coordination compound represented by formula (1) appearing hereinafter.

[0002] An old example of organic luminescence device is, e.g., one using luminescence of a vacuum-deposited anthracene film (Thin Solid Films, 94 (1982) 171). In recent years, however, in view of advantages, such as easiness of providing a large-area device compared with an inorganic luminescence device, and possibility of realizing desired luminescence colors by development of various new materials and drivability at low voltages, an extensive study thereon for device formation as a luminescence device of a high-speed responsiveness and a high efficiency, has been conducted.

[0003] As precisely described in Macromol. Symp. 125, 1-48 (1997), for example, an organic EL device generally has an organization comprising a pair of upper and lower electrodes formed on a transparent substrate, and organic material layers including a luminescence layer disposed between the electrodes.

[0004] In the luminescence layer, aluminum quinolinol complexes (inclusive of Alq3 shown hereinafter as a representative example) having an electron-transporting characteristic and a luminescence characteristic, are used for example. In a hole-transporting layer, a material having an electron-donative property, such as a triphenyldiamine derivative (inclusive of a-NPD shown hereinafter as a representative example), is used for example.

[0005] Such a device shows a current-rectifying characteristic such that when an electric field is applied between the electrodes, holes are injected from the anode and electrons are injected from the cathode.

[0006] The injected holes and electrons are recombined in the luminescence layer to form excitons, which emit luminescence when they are transitioned to the ground state.

[0007] In this process, the excited states include a singlet state and a triplet state and a transition from the former to the ground state is called fluorescence and a transition from the latter is called phosphorescence. Materials in theses states are called singlet excitons and triplet excitons, respectively.

[0008] In most of the organic luminescence devices studied heretofore, fluorescence caused by the transition of a singlet exciton to the ground state, has been utilized. On the other hand, in recent years, devices utilizing phosphorescence via triplet excitons have been studied.

[0009] Representative published literature may include:

[0010] Article 1: Improved energy transfer in electrophosphorescent device (D. F. O'Brien, et al., Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 74, No. 3, p. 422 (1999)); and

[0011] Article 2: Very high-efficiency green organic light-emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence (M. A. Baldo, et al., Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 75, No. 1, p. 4 (1999)).

[0012] In these articles, a structure including four organic layers sandwiched between the electrodes, and the materials used therein include carrier-transporting materials and phosphorescent materials, of which the names and structures are shown below together with their abbreviations.

[0013] Alq3: aluminum quinolinol complex

[0014] α-NPD: N4,N4′-di-naphthalene-1-yl-N4,N4′-diphenyl-biphenyl-4, 4′-diamine

[0015] CBP: 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl

[0016] BCP: 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline

[0017] PtOEP: platinum-octaethylporphyrin complex

[0018] Ir(ppy)₃: iridium-phenylpyrimidine complex

[0019] The above-mentioned Articles 1 and 2 both have reported structures, as exhibiting a high efficiency, including a hole-transporting layer comprising α-NPD, an electron-transporting layer comprising Alq3, an exciton diffusion-preventing layer comprising BCP, and a luminescence layer comprising CBP as a host and ca. 6% of PtOEP or Ir(ppy)₃ as a phosphorescent material dispersed in mixture therein.

[0020] Such a phosphorescent material is particularly noted at present because it is expected to provide a high luminescence efficiency in principle for the following reasons. More specifically, excitons formed by carrier recombination comprise singlet excitons and triplet excitons in a probability ratio of 1:3. Conventional organic EL devices have utilized fluorescence of which the luminescence efficiency is limited to at most 25%. On the other hand, if phosphorescence generated from triplet excitons is utilized, an efficiency of at least three times is expected, and even an efficiency of 100%, i.e., four times, can be expected in principle, if a transition owing to intersystem crossing from a singlet state having a higher energy to a triplet state is taken into account.

[0021] However, like a fluorescent-type device, such an organic luminescence device utilizing phosphorescence is generally required to be further improved regarding the deterioration of luminescence efficiency and device stability.

[0022] The reason of the deterioration has not been fully clarified, but the present inventors consider as follows based on the mechanism of phosphorescence.

[0023] In the case where the luminescence layer comprises a host material having a carrier-transporting function and a phosphorescent guest material, a process of phosphorescence via triplet excitons may include unit processes as follows:

[0024] 1. transportation of electrons and holes within a luminescence layer,

[0025] 2. formation of host excitons,

[0026] 3. excitation energy transfer between host molecules,

[0027] 4. excitation energy transfer from the host to the guest,

[0028] 5. formation of guest triplet excitons, and

[0029] 6. transition of the guest triplet excitons to the ground state and phosphorescence.

[0030] Desirable energy transfer in each unit process and luminescence are caused in competition with various energy deactivation processes.

[0031] Needless to say, a luminescence efficiency of an organic luminescence device is increased by increasing the luminescence quantum yield of a luminescence center material.

[0032] Particularly, in a phosphorescent material, this may be attributable to a life of the triplet excitons which is longer by three or more digits than the life of a singlet exciton. More specifically, because it is held in a high-energy excited state for a longer period, it is liable to react with surrounding materials and cause polymer formation among the excitons, thus incurring a higher probability of deactivation process resulting in a material change or life deterioration.

[0033] A luminescence device is desired to exhibit high efficiency luminescence and show a high stability. Particularly, it is strongly desired to provide a luminescence material compound which is less liable to cause energy deactivation in a long life of excited energy state and is also chemically stable, thus providing a longer device life.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0034] Accordingly, principal objects of the present invention are to provide a luminescence material which exhibits a high luminescence efficiency and retains a high luminance for a long period, and also provide a luminescence device and a display apparatus using the same.

[0035] In the present invention, a metal complex is used as a luminescence material, particularly a novel luminescent metal complex compound comprising iridium as a center metal and an aromatic group of formula (5) appearing hereinafter as a part of a ligand or as a substituent of a ligand.

[0036] More specifically, the present invention provides as a luminescence material a metal coordination compound represented by formula (1) below:

ML_(m)L′_(n)  (1),

[0037] wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′_(n) is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:

[0038] wherein CyN1 and CyN2 are each cyclic group capable of having a substituent, including a nitrogen atom and bonded to the metal atom M via the nitrogen atom; CyC1 and CyC2 are each cyclic group capable of having a substituent, including a carbon atom and bonded to the metal atom M via the carbon atom with the proviso that the cyclic group CyN1 and the cyclic group CyC1 are bonded to each other via a covalent bond and the cyclic group CyN2 and the cyclic group CyC2 are bonded to each other via a covalent bond;

[0039] the optional substituent of the cyclic groups is selected from a halogen atom, cyano group, a nitro group, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C—C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom);

[0040] E and G are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; and

[0041] at least one of the optional substituent(s) of the cyclic groups, and the cyclic groups CyC1 and CyC2 include an aromatic group capable of having a substituent represented by the following formula (5):

[0042] wherein the aromatic group of the formula (5) is bonded to CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 or CyC2 via a single bond when the aromatic group is the optional substituent(s) of the cyclic groups, and the aromatic group of the formula (5) is bonded to CyN1 or CyN2 via a single bond and bonded to the metal atom M via a single bond when the aromatic group is CyC1 or CyC2;

[0043] Y denotes C═O, CRR′, C═C(CN)₂, O or S wherein R and R′ are independently a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH—or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C═C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom); and

[0044] the optional substituent of the aromatic group of the formula (5) is selected from a halogen atom, cyano group, a nitro group, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom) with the proviso that an adjacent pair of substituents can be bonded to form a cyclic structure.

[0045] Preferred embodiments of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) according to the present invention include the following:

[0046] A metal coordination compound having a partial structure ML′_(n) represented by the formula (3) in the formula (1).

[0047] A metal coordination compound having a partial structure ML′_(n) represented by the formula (4) in the formula (1).

[0048] A metal coordination compound, wherein n is 0 in the formula (1).

[0049] A metal coordination compound, wherein the group Y in the formula (5) is C═O or CRR′.

[0050] A metal coordination compound wherein the cyclic groups CyC1 in the formula (1) and CYC2 in the formula (3) are independently selected from phenyl group, thienyl group, thianaphthyl group, naphthyl group, pyrenyl group, 9-fluorenonyl group, fluorenyl group, dibenzofuryl group, dibenzothienyl group, or carbazolyl group, as an aromatic cyclic group capable of having a substituent with the proviso that the aromatic cyclic group can include one or two CH groups that can be replaced with a nitrogen atom, particularly selected from phenyl group or 2-fluorenyl group.

[0051] A metal coordination compound, wherein the cyclic groups CyN1 in the formula (2) and CyN2 in the formula (3) are independently selected from pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, and pyrimidinyl group, particularly pyridyl group, as an aromatic cyclic group capable of having a substituent.

[0052] A metal coordination compound, wherein the cyclic groups CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2 are independently non-substituted, or have a substituent selected from a halogen atom and a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms {of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, or a divalent aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom)), and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom}.

[0053] A metal coordination compound, wherein M in the formula (1) is iridium.

[0054] A metal coordination compound represented by the following formula (6):

[0055] wherein X denotes CRR′, O or S where R and R′ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group of formula: C_(n)H_(2n+1)− in which n is an integer of 1-20, the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—and also can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom;

[0056] R2 denotes a hydrogen atom; a fluorine atom; a linear or branched alkyl group of formula: C_(n)H_(2n+1)−in which n is an integer of 1-20, the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O— and also can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; a phenyl group capable of having a substituent; a 9,9-dialkylfluorenyl group (of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group of formula: C_(n)H_(2n+1)− in which n is an integer of 1-20, the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—and also can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom); a dibenzofuranyl group capable of having a substituent; and a dibenzothienyl group capable of having a substituent; the optional substituent of phenyl group, 9,9-dialkylfluorenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group and dibenzothienyl group is a fluorine atom or a linear or branched alkyl group of formula: C_(n)H_(2n+1)− in which n is an integer of 1-20, the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O— and also can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom.

[0057] The present invention also provides an electroluminescence device, comprising: a pair of electrodes disposed on a substrate, and a luminescence unit comprising at least one organic compound disposed between the electrodes, wherein the organic compound comprises a metal coordination compound represented by the formula (1) described above.

[0058] In the luminescence device, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to emit light.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the electroluminescence device, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to emit phosphorescence.

[0060] The present invention further provides a picture display apparatus, comprising an electroluminescence device described above and a means for supplying electric signals to the electroluminescence device.

[0061] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062]FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C illustrate embodiments of the luminescence device according to the present invention, respectively.

[0063]FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a panel structure including an EL device and drive means.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0064] Basic structures of organic luminescence (EL) devices formed according to the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C.

[0065] As shown in these figures, an organic luminescence device generally comprises, on a transparent substrate 15, a 50 to 200 nm-thick atransparent electrode 14, a plurality of organic film layers and a metal electrode 11 formed so as to cover the organic layers.

[0066]FIG. 1A shows an embodiment wherein the organic luminescence device comprises a luminescence layer 12 and a hole-transporting layer 13. The transparent electrode 14 may comprise ITO, etc., having a large work function so as to facilitate hole injection from the transparent electrode 14 to the hole-transporting layer 13. The metal electrode 11 comprises a metal material having a small work function, such as aluminum, magnesium or alloys of these elements, so as to facilitate electron injection into the organic luminescence device.

[0067] The luminescence layer 12 comprises a compound (metal coordination compound) according to the present invention. The hole-transporting layer 13 may comprise, e.g., a triphenyldiamine derivative, as represented by α-NPD mentioned above, and also a material having an electron-donative property as desired.

[0068] A device organized above exhibits a current-rectifying characteristic, and when an electric field is applied between the metal electrode 11 as a cathode and the transparent electrode 14 as an anode, electrons are injected from the metal electrode 11 into the luminescence layer 12, and holes are injected from the transparent electrode 15. The injected holes and electrons are recombined in the luminescence layer 12 to form excitons having high energy potential, which cause luminescence during transition to the ground state. In this instance, the hole-transporting layer 13 functions as an electron-blocking layer to increase the recombination efficiency at the boundary between the luminescence layer layer 12 and the hole-transporting layer 13, thereby providing an enhanced luminescence efficiency.

[0069] Further, in the structure of FIG. 1B, an electron-transporting layer 16 is disposed between the metal electrode 11 and the luminescence layer 12 in FIG. 1A. As a result, the luminescence function is separated from the functions of electron transportation and hole transportation to provide a structure exhibiting more effective carrier blocking, thus increasing the luminescence efficiency. The electron-transporting layer 16, may comprise, e.g., an oxadiazole derivative.

[0070]FIG. 1C shows another desirable form of a four-layer structure, including a hole-transporting layer 13, a luminescence layer 12, an exciton diffusion prevention layer 17 and an electron-transporting layer 16, successively from the side of the transparent electrode 14 as the anode.

[0071] The luminescence materials used in the present invention are most suitably metal coordination compounds represented by the above-mentioned formulae (1) to (5), which are found to cause high-efficiency luminescence, retain high luminance for a long period and show little deterioration by current passage.

[0072] The metal coordination compound of the present invention emits phosphorescence, and its lowest excited state is believed to be an MLCT* (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited state or π-π* excited state in a triplet state, and phosphorescence is caused at the time of transition from such a state to the ground state.

[0073] Hereinbelow, methods for measurement of some properties and physical values described herein for characterizing the luminescence material of the present invention will be described.

[0074] (1) Judgment between phosphorescence and fluorescence

[0075] The identification of phosphorescence was effected depending on whether deactivation with oxygen was caused or not. A solution of a sample compound in chloroform after aeration with oxygen or with nitrogen is subjected to photoillumination to cause photo-luminescence. The luminescence is judged to be phosphorescence if almost no luminescence attributable to the compound is observed with respect to the solution aerated with oxygen but photo-luminescence is confirmed with respect to the solution aerated with nitrogen. The phosphorescence of all the compounds of the present invention has been confirmed by this method unless otherwise noted specifically.

[0076] (2) Phosphorescence yield (a relative quantum yield, i.e., a ratio of an objective sample's quantum yield Φ (sample) to a standard sample's quantum yield Φ (st)) is determined according to the following formula:

Φ(sample)/Φ(st)=[Sem(sample)/Iabs(sample)]/[Sem(st)/Iabs(st)],

[0077] wherein Iabs(st) denotes an absorption coefficient at an excitation wavelength of the standard sample; Sem(st), a luminescence spectral a real intensity when excited at the same wavelength; Iabs(sample), an absorption coefficient at an excitation wavelength of an objective compound; and Sem(sample), a luminescence spectral areal intensity when excited at the same wavelength.

[0078] Phosphorescence yield values described herein are relative values with respect to a phosphorescence yield Φ=1 of Ir(ppy)₃ as a standard sample.

[0079] (3) A method of measurement of phosphorescence life is as follows.

[0080] A sample compound is dissolved in chloroform and spin-coated onto a quartz substrate in a thickness of ca. 0.1 μm and is exposed to pulsative nitrogen laser light at an excitation wavelength of 337 nm at room temperature by using a luminescence life meter (made by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.). After completion of the excitation pulses, the decay characteristic of luminescence intensity is measured.

[0081] When an initial luminescence intensity is denoted by I₀, a luminescence intensity after t(sec) is expressed according to the following formula with reference to a luminescence life τ(sec):

I=I₀·exp(−t/τ).

[0082] The luminescence material (metal coordination compound) of the present invention exhibited high phosphorescence quantum yields of 0.11 to 0.9 and short phosphorescence lives of 0.1 to 40 μsec. A short phosphorescence life becomes a condition for causing little energy deactivation and exhibiting an enhanced luminescence efficiency. More specifically if the phosphorescence life is long, the number of triplet state molecules maintained for luminescence is increased, and the deactivation process is liable to occur, thus resulting in a lower luminescence efficiency particularly at the time of a high-current density. The material of the present invention has a relatively short phosphorescence life thus exhibiting a high phosphorescence quantum yield, and is therefore suitable as a luminescence material for an EL device.

[0083] As a result of various studies of ours, it has been found that an organic EL device using the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) as a principal luminescence material causes high-efficiency luminescence, retains high luminance for a long period and shows little deterioration by current passage.

[0084] In the formula (1) representing the metal coordination compound of the present invention, n may preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0. Further, the partial structure ML′n may preferably comprise the aromatic group represented by the above-mentioned formula (5). In the formula (5), Y may preferably comprise C═O or CRR′. When Y is CRR′ where R and R′ are CH₃, the metal coordination compound of the formula (I) may preferably have no substituent. Particularly, when CyC1 is FL2 (appearing hereinafter) where R and R′ are CH₃ and CyN1 is Pi, R1 to R4 (as substituents for Pi and FL2) may preferably be hydrogen atom at the same time.

[0085] In the present invention, by incorporating the aromatic group of the formula (5) into the metal coordination compound of the formula (1), it becomes possible to control an emission wavelength (particularly to provide a long emission wavelength). The presence of the aromatic group of the formula (5) is effective in enhancing a solubility of the metal coordination compound of the present invention in an organic solvent, thus facilitating a purification thereof by recrystallization or column chromatography. As a result, the metal coordination compound of the present invention is suitable as a luminescence material for the organic EL device.

[0086] Further, as shown in Examples appearing hereinafter, it has been substantiated that the metal coordination compound of the present invention exhibited an excellent stability in a continuous current passage test. This may be attributable to incorporation of the aromatic group of the formula (5) into the molecular structure of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) according to the present invention. More specifically, a change in intermolecular interaction due to the introduction of the aromatic group of the formula (5) allows an intermolecular interaction of the metal coordination compound with, e.g., a host material to suppress formation of exciton associates causing thermal deactivation, thus reducing a quenching process thereby to improve phosphorescence yield and device characteristics.

[0087] The luminescence device according to the present invention may preferably be an electroluminescence device of the type wherein a layer of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) is disposed between opposing two electrodes and a voltage is applied between the electrodes to cause luminescence, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C.

[0088] For the application to a display, a drive system using a thin-film transistor (TFT) drive circuit according to an active matrix-scheme may be used. Hereinbelow, an embodiment of using a device of the present invention in combination with an active matrix substrate is briefly described with reference to FIG. 2.

[0089]FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of panel structure comprising an EL device and drive means. The panel is provided with a scanning signal driver, a data signal driver and a current supply source which are connected to gate selection lines, data signal lines and current supply lines, respectively. At each intersection of the gate selection lines and the data signal lines, a display pixel electrode is disposed. The scanning signal drive sequentially selects the gate selection lines G1, G2, G3 . .. Gn, and in synchronism herewith, picture signals are supplied from the data signal driver to display a picture (image).

[0090] By driving a display panel including a luminescence layer comprising a luminescence material of the present invention, it becomes possible to provide a display which exhibits a good picture quality and is stable even for a long period display.

[0091] Some synthetic paths for providing a metal coordination compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (1) are illustrated below with reference to an iridium coordination compound (m+n=3) for example:

[0092] Other metal coordination compound (M=Pt, Rh and Pd) can also be synthesized in a similar manner.

[0093] Some specific structural examples of metal coordination compounds used in the present invention are shown in Tables 1 to Tables 42 appearing hereinafter, which are however only representative examples and are not exhaustive. Pi to Cz for CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2 shown in Tables 1 to 42 represent partial structures shown below.

[0094] Further, aromatic group Ph2 to DBT3 as substituents for CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2 shown in Tables 1 to 42 represent partial structures shown below, with the proviso that sdbitituents R5 to R8 of the aromatic groups represent hydrogon atoms when they are not specifically indicated.

TABLE 1 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8  1 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — —  2 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — —  3 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — —  4 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H CH₃ — H — — — — H H — — — —  5 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — —  6 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — —  7 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — —  8 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL6 H H H — — — H H — — — —  9 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H DBF2 H H H — — — H H — — — — 10 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H DBT3 H H H — — — H H — — — — 11 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — 12 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H C₃H₇ H H — — H H — — — — 13 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H 14 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — 15 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Tn7 H H — — — — H H — — — — 16 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — —

[0095] TABLE 2 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 17 Ir 3 0 Pi Np2 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 18 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — 19 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — FL4 H H H H — 20 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ FL5 H H H H — 21 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — 22 Ir 3 0 Pi Np2 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — 23 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 24 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 25 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 26 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CH₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 27 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — 28 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 29 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 30 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₄H₉ C₄H₉ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 31 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 32 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₆H₁₃ C₆H₁₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0096] TABLE 3 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 33 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₇H₁₅ C₇H₁₅ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 34 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 35 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₁₀H₂₁ C₁₀H₂₁ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 36 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — 37 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₂₀H₄₁ C₂₀H₄₁ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 38 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 39 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 40 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 41 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 42 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 43 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 44 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — 45 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H FL5 H H H — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — 46 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — 47 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H FL5 H H H — C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H H — — — — 48 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — —

[0097] TABLE 4 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 49 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — 50 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 51 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL6 H H H — — — H H — — — — 52 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H DBF2 H H H — — — H H — — — — 53 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBT3 H H H — — — H H — — — — 54 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — 55 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 CF₃ H H H — — H H — — — — 56 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — 57 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — 58 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H Tn5 H H — — — — H H — — — — 59 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn6 H H — — — — H H — — — — 60 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 H H — — — — H H — — — — 61 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — 62 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn7 H H — — — — H H — — — — 63 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — — — H H — — — — 64 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H An H — — — — — H H — — — —

[0098] TABLE 5 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 65 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Pe2 H — — — — — H H — — — — 66 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Pi2 H H — — — — H H — — — — 67 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Pi3 H H — — — — H H — — — — 68 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Qn2 H H — — — — H H — — — — 69 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — 70 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H An H — — — — — H H — — — — 71 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H 72 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H 73 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — Ph3 Ph3 H Ph2 H H H H 74 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ Ph3 H Ph2 H H H H 75 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ Ph3 H Ph2 H H H H 76 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₃Ph3 (CH₂)₃Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H 77 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn5 C₃H₇ H — — 78 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn6 H H — — 79 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 H H — — 80 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Np4 H — — —

[0099] TABLE 6 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 81 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ Ph3 H Tn7 H H — — 82 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — 83 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H An H — — — 84 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Pe2 H — — — 85 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ Ph3 H Pi2 C₂H₅ H — — 86 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Pi3 H H — — 87 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Qn2 H H — — 88 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H DBT3 H H — — 89 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 90 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — 91 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H CF3 — — — — 92 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — 93 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — 94 Ir 3 0 Pi Tn1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 95 Ir 3 0 Pi Tn2 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 96 Ir 3 0 Pi Tn3 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — —

[0100] TABLE 7 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8  97 Ir 3 0 Pi Tn4 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — —  98 Ir 3 0 Pi Np1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — —  99 Ir 3 0 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 100 Ir 3 0 Pi Pe1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 101 Ir 3 0 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — 102 Ir 3 0 Pi Pe2 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 103 Ir 3 0 Pi Cn1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H — — — — — 104 Ir 3 0 Pi Cn2 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H — — — — — 105 Ir 3 0 Pi FL3 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 106 Ir 3 0 Pi DBF1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 107 Ir 3 0 Pi DBT1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 108 Ir 3 0 Pi Qn1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 109 Ir 3 0 Pi Qn2 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 110 Ir 3 0 Pi Cz — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ Ph3 H — — — — 111 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 112 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn5 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — —

[0101] TABLE 8 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 113 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn6 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 114 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 115 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np4 FL5 — — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 116 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H Tn7 FL5 H — — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — 117 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 FL5 H — — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — 118 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H An FL5 — — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 119 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Pe2 FL5 — — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 120 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Qn2 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 121 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL4 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 122 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 123 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL6 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 124 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBF2 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 125 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBF3 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 126 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBT2 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 127 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBT3 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 128 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ FL5 H H H H —

[0102] TABLE 9 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R′″ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 129 Ir 3 0 Pi Tn1 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 130 Ir 3 0 Pi Tn2 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 131 Ir 3 0 Pi Tn3 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 132 Ir 3 0 Pi Tn4 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 133 Ir 3 0 Pi Np2 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 134 Ir 3 0 Pi Pe1 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 135 Ir 3 0 Pi Cn1 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 — H H H — 136 Ir 3 0 Pi Cn2 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 — H H H — 137 Ir 3 0 Pi FL3 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 138 Ir 3 0 Pi DBF1 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 139 Ir 3 0 Pi DBT1 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 140 Ir 3 0 Pi Qn1 — — H H — — — — CH₃ Ph3 FL5 H H H H — 141 Ir 3 0 Pi Qn2 — — H H — — — — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ FL5 H H H H — 142 Ir 3 0 Pi Cz — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 143 Ir 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 144 Ir 3 0 Pi FL3 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0103] TABLE 10 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 145 Ir 3 0 Pi FL3 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 146 Ir 3 0 Pi DBF1 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 147 Ir 3 0 Pi DBT1 CH₃ CH₃ H CH₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 148 Ir 3 0 Pi FL3 — — H FL6 H H H — — — H H — — — — 149 Ir 3 0 Pi DBF1 — — H DBF2 H H H — — — H H — — — — 150 Ir 3 0 Pi DBT1 — — H DBT3 H H H — — — H H — — — — 151 Rh 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 152 Rh 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 153 Rh 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 154 Rh 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 155 Rh 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — 156 Rh 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H 157 Rh 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — 158 Rh 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 159 Rh 3 0 Pi Np2 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 160 Rh 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — —

[0104] TABLE 11 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 161 Rh 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — FL4 H H H H — 162 Rh 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — 163 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 164 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 165 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 166 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 167 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 168 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₄H₉ C₄H₉ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 169 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 170 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₆H₁₃ C₆H₁₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 171 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — 172 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 173 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 174 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 175 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 176 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — —

[0105] TABLE 12 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 177 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — 178 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H FL5 H H H — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — 179 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — 180 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H FL5 H H H — C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H H — — — — 181 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — 182 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — 183 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 184 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL6 H H H — — — H H — — — — 185 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — 186 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 CF₃ H H H — — H H — — — — 187 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H Tn5 H H — — — — H H — — — — 188 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 H H — — — — H H — — — — 189 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — 190 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — — — H H — — — — 191 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H An H — — — — — H H — — — — 192 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Pe2 H — — — — — H H — — — —

[0106] TABLE 13 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 193 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H 194 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H 195 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — Ph3 Ph3 H Ph2 H H H H 196 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ Ph3 H Ph2 H H H H 197 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₃Ph3 (CH₂)₃Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H 198 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn5 C₃H₇ H — — 199 Rh 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 200 Rh 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — 201 Rh 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H CF3 — — — — 202 Rh 3 0 Pi Tn4 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 203 Rh 3 0 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 204 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 205 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn5 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 206 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn6 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 207 Rh 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 208 Rh 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ FL5 H H H H —

[0107] TABLE 14 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 209 Rh 3 0 Pi Tn1 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 210 Rh 3 0 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 211 Pt 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 212 Pt 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 213 Pt 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 214 Pt 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H DBT3 H H H — — — H H — — — — 215 Pt 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — 216 Pt 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H 217 Pt 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — 218 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 219 Pt 2 0 Pi Np2 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 220 Pt 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — 221 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — FL4 H H H H — 222 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ FL5 H H H H — 223 Pt 2 0 Pi Np2 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — 224 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0108] TABLE 15 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 225 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 226 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 227 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 228 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 229 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 230 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 231 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H FL5 H H H — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — 232 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — 233 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — 234 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 235 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — 236 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 CF₃ H H H — — H H — — — — 237 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — 238 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — 239 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H An H — — — — — H H — — — — 240 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H

[0109] TABLE 16 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 241 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H 242 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — Ph3 Ph3 H Ph2 H H H H 243 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₃Ph3 (CH₂)₃Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H 244 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn5 C₃H₇ H — — 245 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H DBT3 H H — — 246 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 247 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — 248 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H CF3 — — — — 249 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — 250 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — 251 Pt 2 0 Pi Tn1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 252 Pt 2 0 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — 253 Pt 2 0 Pi Pe2 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 254 Pt 2 0 Pi Cn1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H — — — — — 255 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 256 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn5 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — —

[0110] TABLE 17 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 257 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn6 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 258 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL4 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 259 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 260 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL6 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 261 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBF2 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 262 Pt 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBF3 FL5 H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 263 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ FL5 H H H H — 264 Pt 2 0 Pi Tn1 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 265 Pt 2 0 Pi Tn2 — — H H — — — — CH₃ CH₃ FL5 H H H H — 266 Pt 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 267 Pt 2 0 Pi FL3 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 268 Pt 2 0 Pi FL3 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 269 Pt 2 0 Pi DBF1 — — CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 270 Pt 2 0 Pi DBT1 — — H CH₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 271 Pd 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 272 Pd 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0111] TABLE 18 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 273 Pd 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 274 Pd 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — 275 Pd 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H 276 Pd 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — 277 Pd 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 278 Pd 2 0 Pi Np2 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — 279 Pd 2 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — 280 Pd 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — FL4 H H H H — 281 Pd 2 0 Pi Np2 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — 282 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 283 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 284 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 285 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 286 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H FL5 H H H — CH₅H₁₁ CH₅H₁₁ H H — — — — 287 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 288 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — —

[0112] TABLE 19 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 289 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 CF₃ H H H — — H H — — — — 290 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H 291 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H 292 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H FL5 H Ph3 H — Ph3 Ph3 H Ph2 H H H H 293 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H DBT3 H H — — 294 Pd 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 295 Pd 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — 296 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 297 Pd 2 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn5 FL5 H — — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 298 Pd 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ FL5 H H H H — 299 Pd 2 0 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — 300 Pd 2 0 Pi DBT1 — — H CH₃ — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0113] TABLE 20 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 301 Ir 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 302 Ir 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 303 Ir 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 304 Ir 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 305 Ir 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 306 Ir 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 307 Ir 2 1 Pi Np2 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 308 Ir 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 309 Ir 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — FL4 H H H H — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 310 Ir 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0114] TABLE 21 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 311 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 312 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 313 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 314 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 315 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 316 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 317 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 318 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 319 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 320 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0115] TABLE 22 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 321 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — Pr Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 322 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pr Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 323 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — Py1 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 324 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — Py2 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 325 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CH₃ H — — — — 326 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Br H — — — — 327 Ir 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CF₃ H — — — — 328 Ir 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — C₅H₁₁ H — — — — 329 Ir 2 1 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — OCH₃ H — — — — 330 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0116] TABLE 23 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 331 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 332 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 333 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — Pi Tn2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 334 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₄H₉ C₄H₉ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn3 — — H H — — — — — — H CH₃ — — — — 335 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn4 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 336 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Np1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 337 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Np2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 338 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H FL5 H H H — C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H H — — — — Pi Pe1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 339 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Cn1 — — H H — — — — — — H — — — — — 340 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Cn2 — — H H — — — — — — H — — — — —

[0117] TABLE 24 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 341 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBT3 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 342 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 343 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H Tn5 H H — — — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 344 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 H H — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 345 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 346 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 347 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL3 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 348 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi DBF1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 349 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi DBT1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 350 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Qn1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0118] TABLE 25 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 351 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — Pr Qn2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 352 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pr Cz — — H H — — — — — — Ph3 H — — — — 353 Rh 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 354 Rh 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — Py2 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 355 Rh 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CH₃ H — — — — 356 Rh 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Br H — — — — 357 Rh 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CF₃ H — — — — 358 Rh 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — C₅H₁₁ H — — — — 359 Rh 2 1 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — OCH₃ H — — — — 360 Rh 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0119] TABLE 26 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 361 Ir 1 2 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 362 Ir 1 2 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 363 Ir 1 2 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 364 Ir 1 2 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 365 Ir 1 2 Pi FL1 — — H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 366 Ir 1 2 Pi Ph1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 367 Ir 1 2 Pi Np2 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 368 Ir 1 2 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 369 Ir 1 2 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — FL4 H H H H — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 370 Ir 1 2 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0120] TABLE 27 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 371 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 372 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 373 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 374 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 375 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 376 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 377 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 378 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 379 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 380 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0121] TABLE 28 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 381 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — Pr Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 382 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pr Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 383 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — Py1 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 384 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — Py2 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 385 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CH₃ H — — — — 386 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Br H — — — — 387 Ir 1 2 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CF₃ H — — — — 388 Ir 1 2 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — C₅H₁₁ H — — — — 389 Ir 1 2 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — OCH₃ H — — — — 390 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0122] TABLE 29 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 391 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 392 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 393 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — Pi Tn2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 394 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 C₄H₉ C₄H₉ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn3 — — H H — — — — — — H CH₃ — — — — 395 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn4 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 396 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Np1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 397 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Np2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 398 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 C₁₅H₃₁ C_(15H) ₃₁ H FL5 H H H — C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H H — — — — Pi Pe1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 399 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Cn1 — — H H — — — — — — H — — — — — 400 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Cn2 — — H H — — — — — — H — — — — —

[0123] TABLE 30 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 401 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBT3 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 402 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 403 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H Tn5 H H — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 404 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 H H — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 405 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 406 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 407 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL3 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 408 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi DBF1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 409 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi DBT1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 410 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Qn1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0124] TABLE 31 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 411 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — Pr Qn2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 412 Ir 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pr Cz — — H H — — — — — — Ph3 H — — — — 413 Rh 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 414 Rh 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — Py2 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 415 Rh 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CH₃ H — — — — 416 Rh 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Br H — — — — 417 Rh 1 2 Pi Phi — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CF₃ H — — — — 418 Rh 1 2 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — C₅H₁₁ H — — — — 419 Rh 1 2 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — OCH₃ H — — — — 420 Rh 1 2 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0125] TABLE 32 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 421 Pt 1 1 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 422 Pt 1 1 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 423 Pt 1 1 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 424 Pt 1 1 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 425 Pt 1 1 Pi FL1 — — H Np4 H — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 426 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 427 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 428 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 429 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 430 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0126] TABLE 33 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 431 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — Pr Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 432 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pr Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 433 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — Py1 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 434 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — Py2 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 435 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CH₃ H — — — — 436 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — 437 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 438 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — Pi Tn2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 439 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₄H₉ C₄H₉ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn3 — — H H — — — — — — H CH₃ — — — — 440 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Tn4 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — —

[0127] TABLE 34 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 441 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H DBT3 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 442 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 443 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H Tn5 H H — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 444 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 H H — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 445 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 446 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — Pr Qn2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 447 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — Pr Cz — — H H — — — — — — Ph3 H — — — — 448 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 449 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — Py2 Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 450 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CH₃ H — — — —

[0128] TABLE 35 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 451 Pt 1 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 452 Pt 1 1 Pi Np2 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 453 Pt 1 1 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 454 Pt 1 1 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — FL4 H H H H — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 455 Pt 1 1 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL4 H H — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 456 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 457 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 458 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 459 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 460 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0129] TABLE 36 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 461 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Br H — — — — 462 Pt 1 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CF₃ H — — — — 463 Pt 1 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — C₅H₁₁ H — — — — 464 Pt 1 1 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — OCH₃ H — — — — 465 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — — 466 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Np1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 467 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Np2 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 468 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H FL5 H H H — C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H H — — — — Pi Pe1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 469 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Cn1 — — H H — — — — — — H — — — — — 470 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Cn2 — — H H — — — — — — H — — — — —

[0130] TABLE 37 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyN2 R R′ CyN2-R1 CyN2-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC2 No M m n CyN2 CyC2 R″ R″′ CyC2-R3 CyC2-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 471 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 472 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi FL3 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 473 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H — — — — — — H H — — — — Pi DBF1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 474 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi DBT1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — 475 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Qn1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — — 476 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Tn8 H H — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Br H — — — — 477 Pd 1 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — CF₃ H — — — — 478 Pd 1 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — C₅H₁₁ H — — — — 479 Pd 1 1 Pi Np2 — — H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — OCH₃ H — — — — 480 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — — — Cl H — — — —

[0131] TABLE 38 CyN1 R R′ CyN1—R1 CyN1—R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1—R3 CyC1—R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 481 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 482 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 483 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H H H — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 484 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Ph2 H H H H — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 485 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— H H H H 486 Ir 3 0 Pi FL1 — — H Np4 H — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 487 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 488 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 489 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 490 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CH₃ — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 491 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 492 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 493 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H H — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 494 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₄H₉ C₄H₉ H H — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 495 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 496 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 497 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 498 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 499 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H FL5 H H H — C₂H₅ C₂H₅ —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 500 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H FL5 H H H — C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 501 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 502 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — —

[0132] TABLE 39 CyN1 R R′ CyN1—R1 CyN1—R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1—R3 CyC1—R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 503 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 CF₃ H H H — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 504 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 505 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 506 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H Tn5 H H — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 507 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn6 H H — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 508 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 H H — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 509 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np4 H — — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — — 510 Ir 3 0 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Tn7 H H — — — — —CH═CH—CH═CH— — — — —

[0133] TABLE 40 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 E E R″ R″′ R5 R6 R7 R8 G No M m n G R″ R″′ R5 R6 R7 R8 511 Ir 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H H — — — — — — H H — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — 512 Ir 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — 513 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — 514 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — Ph2 — — H H H H Ph2 — — H H H H 515 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H OC₄H₉ — — — — Ph2 — — H C₃H₇ H H Ph2 — — H C₃H₇ H H 516 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₆H₁₃ C₆ H₁₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — FL5 CH₃ CH₃ H H H — 517 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 H H H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Tn5 — — H H — — Tn5 — — H H — — 518 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Tn6 — — H H — — Tn6 — — H H — — 519 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 Ph3 Ph3 H FL5 H H H — Ph3 Ph3 H H — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — 520 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ Ph3 H H — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — CF₃ — — — — — —

[0134] TABLE 41 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 E E R″ R″′ R5 R6 R7 R8 G No M m n G R″ R″′ R5 R6 R7 R8 521 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — NP3 — — CH₃O H — — NP3 — — CH₃O H — — 522 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H — — H H — — — — NP4 — — F — — — NP4 — — F — — — 523 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OCH₂C₅F₁₁ H H — — H H — — — — Tn7 — — CH₃ — — — Tn7 — — CH₃ — — — 524 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H OC≡C—C₇H₁₅ H H — — H H — — — — Tn8 — — H — — — Tn8 — — H — — — 525 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H Tn5 H H — — — — H H — — — — Pe2 — — H — — — Pe2 — — H — — — 526 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL4 H Ph3 H — — — H Ph2 H H H H Pi2 — — H H — — Pi2 — — H H — — 527 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H FL5 H Ph3 H — CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H H H H Pi3 — — CH₃ CH₃ H H Pi3 — — CH₃ CH₃ H H 528 Ir 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — FL4 — — H H H — FL4 — — H H H — 529 Ir 2 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — FL5 C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H H H — FL5 (CH₂)₅Ph3 (CH₂)₅Ph3 H H H — 530 Ir 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H H — — — — C₈H₁₇ C₈H₁₇ FL5 H H H H — DBF2 — — H H H — DBF2 — — H H H —

[0135] TABLE 42 CyN1 R R′ CyN1-R1 CyN1-R2 R5 R6 R7 R8 CyC1 CyN1 CyC1 R″ R″′ CyC1-R3 CyC1-R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 E E R″ R″′ R5 R6 R7 R8 G No M m n G R″ R″′ R5 R6 R7 R8 531 Ir 2 1 Pi Ph1 — — H Ph2 H FL5 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — DBT3 — — H H H — DBT3 — — H H H — 532 Rh 2 1 Pi FL3 CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — 533 Rh 2 1 Pi DBF1 CH₃ CH₃ CF₃ CF₃ — — — — — — H H — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — 534 Rh 2 1 Pi FL1 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — Qn2 — — H H — — Qn2 — — H H — — 535 Rh 2 1 Pi Np2 — — H FL4 H H H — — — H H — — — — Np3 — — H H — — Np3 — — H H — — 536 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₃H₇ C₃H₇ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — 537 Pt 1 1 Pi FL2 C₅H₁₁ C₅H₁₁ H H — — — — — — H H — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — 538 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H FL5 H H H — C₁₅H₃₁ C₁₅H₃₁ H H — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — 539 Pd 1 1 Pi FL2 CH₃ CH₃ H Np3 H H — — — — H H — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — CF₃ — — — — — — 540 Ir 1 2 Pi Tn4 — — H FL5 H H H — CH₃ CH₃ H H — — — — CH₃ — — — — — — CH₃ — — — — — —

[0136] Hereinbelow, the present invention will be described more specifically based on Examples.

EXAMPLE 1 (Synthesis of Example Compound No. 23)

[0137]

[0138] In a 30 liter-three-necked flask, 307.3 g (960 mM) of 2-iodo-9,9-dimethylfluorene and 10 liters of dry THF (tetrahydrofuran) were placed and cooled to −72 to 70° C. under stirring in an argon gas stream atmosphere. To the mixture, a 1.6M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane was added dropwise in 1 hour, followed by further stirring for 2 hours at the temperature. Thereafter, under stirring at −73 to −71° C., to the system, a solution of 209.5 g (2016 mM) of trimethyl borate in 1.3 liters of dry THT was added dropwise in 2 hours. The reaction mixture was left standing overnight on an ice water bath. To the mixture, 1.6 liters of 4N-hydrochloric acid was added in 0.5 hour at 0-7° C., followed by stirring for 1 hour at room temperature and extraction with toluene. The organic layer was washed with saturated saline water, followed by distilling-off of the solvent under a reduced pressure to obtain a residue. To the residue, hexane was added and heated under heating, followed by cooling to precipitate a crystal. The crystal was recovered by filtration and purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene/ethyl acetate=1/1), followed by successive recrystallization from a chloroform-hexane mixture solvent, toluene, an ethyl acetate-toluene-THF mixture solvent, and toluene to obtain 32.0 g of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)boronic acid (colorless crystal) (Yield: 14.0%).

[0139] In a 300 ml-three-necked flask, 8.5 g (53.8 mM) of 2-bromopyridine, 12.8 g (53.8 mM) of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)boronic acid, 55 ml of toluene, 27 ml of ethanol and 55 ml of 2M-sodium carbonate aqueous solution were placed and stirred at room temperature under nitrogen stream, and 1.97 g (1.70 mM) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) was added thereto. Thereafter, reflux under stirring for 5.5 hours was performed under nitrogen stream. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled and extracted by addition of cold water and toluene. The organic layer was washed with water until neutrality, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a residue. The residue was successively purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene/THF=10/1) and that (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate =8/1) to obtain 12.2 g of 2-{2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)}pyridine (pale brown viscous liquid) (Yield: 83.6%).

[0140] In a 100 ml-four-necked flask, 50 ml of glycerol was placed and heated at 130-140° C. under stirring and bubbling with nitrogen for 2 hours. Then, the glycerol was cooled by standing down to 100° C., and 1.69 g (6.23 mM) of 2-{2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)}pyridine and 0.50 g (1.02 mM) of iridium (III) acetylacetonate were added, followed by 5 hours of heating at 176-219° C. under stirring and nitrogen stream. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature and injected into 300 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid to form a precipitate, which was filtered out and washed with water, followed by drying for 5 hours at 100° C. under reduced pressure. The precipitate was purified by silica gel column chromatography with chloroform as the eluent to obtain 0.17 g (yield =21.3%) of orange powdery tris[2-(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III). According to MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of fight mass spectroscopy), the compound exhibited M⁺(mass number of the corresponding cation formed by removal of 1 electron) of 1003.4.

[0141] A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a photoluminescence spectrum showing λmax (maximum emission wavelength)=545 nm and a quantum yield of 0.23.

[0142] The compound (Ex. Comp. No. 23) exhibited better synthesis yield and quantum yield, thus being most suitable luminescence material in the present invention.

EXAMPLE 2 (Synthesis of Example Compound No. 43)

[0143]

[0144] In a 100 ml-three-necked flask, 1.18 g (4.98 mM) of 2,5-dibromopyridine, 3.57 g (15.0 mM) 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)boronic acid prepared in Example 1, 10 ml of toluene, 5 ml of ethanol and 10 ml of 2M-sodium carbonate aqueous solution were placed and stirred at room temperature under nitrogen stream, and 0.35 g (0.30 mM) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium (0) was added thereto. Thereafter, reflux under stirring was performed for 12 hours under nitrogen stream. After completion of the reaction, the reaction product was cooled on an ice bath to precipitate a crystal, which was then filtered out and washed with water. To the crystal, 100 ml of methanol was added and washed at room temperature under stirring, and then was recovered by filtration. The resultant crystal was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform) to obtain 2.10 g (yield=91.0%) of 2,5-bis{2-(9,9-dimethyl-fluorenyl)}pyridine (colorless crystal).

[0145] In a 100 ml-four-necked flask, 50 ml of glycerol was placed and heated at 130-140° C. under stirring and bubbling with nitrogen for 2 hours. Then, the glycerol was cooled by standing down to 100° C., and 1.85 g (3.99 mM) of 2,5-bis{2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)}pyridine and 0.40 g (0.82 mM) of iridium (III) acetylacetonate were added, followed by 5 hours of reflux at 180-235° C. under stirring and nitrogen stream. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature and injected into 300 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid to form a precipitate, which was filtered out and washed with water, followed by drying for 5 hours at 100° C. under reduced pressure. The precipitate was purified by silica gel column chromatography with chloroform as the eluent and recrystallized from a chloroform-methanol mixture solvent to obtain 0.10 g (yield=7.7%) of red powdery tris[2,5-bis(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III). According to MALDI-TOF MS, the compound exhibited M⁺ of 1589.6.

[0146] A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a photoluminescence spectrum showing λmax=591 nm and a quantum yield of 0.12.

EXAMPLES 3-11

[0147] Each of luminescence devices having a layer structure shown in FIG. 1B were prepared in the following manner.

[0148] On a 1.1 mm-thick glass substrate (transparent substrate 15), a 100 nm-thick film (transparent electrode 14) of ITO (indium tin oxide) was formed by sputtering, followed by patterning to form a stripe electrode including 100 lines each having a width of 100 nm and a spacing with an adjacent line of 10 nm (i.e., electrode pitch of 110 nm).

[0149] On the ITO-formed substrate, three organic layers and two metal electrode layers shown below were successively formed by vacuum (vapor) deposition using resistance heating in a vacuum chamber (10⁻⁴ Pa).

[0150] Organic layer 1 (hole transport layer 13) (40 nm): α-NPD

[0151] Organic layer 2 (luminescence layer 12) (30 nm): co-deposited film of CBP:metal complex (metal coordination compound shown in Table 45) (95:5 by weight)

[0152] Organic layer 3 (electron transport layer 16) (30 nm): Alq3

[0153] Metal electrode layer 1 (metal electrode 11) (15 nm): Al—Li alloy (Li=1.8 wt. %)

[0154] Metal electrode layer 2 (metal electrode 11) (100 nm): Al

[0155] The above-deposited metal electrode layers 1 and 2 (Al—Li layer and Al layer) had a stripe electrode pattern including 100 lines each having a width of 100 nm and a spacing of 10 nm (electrode pitch=110 nm) and arranged so that the stripe electrode pattern intersected with that of the ITO electrode at right angles to form a matrix of pixels each having an effective electrode area of 3 mm² comprising 20 ITO lines bundled together at a lead-out portion and 15 Al (Al—Li) lines bundled together at a lead-out portion.

[0156] Each of the thus-prepared luminescence devices was taken out of the vacuum chamber and was subjected to a continuous energization (current passage) test in an atmosphere of dry nitrogen gas stream so as to remove device deterioration factors, such as oxygen and moisture (water content).

[0157] The continuous energization test was performed by continuously applying a voltage at a constant current density of 70 mA/cm² to the luminescence device having the ITO (transparent) electrode (as an anode) and the Al (metal) electrode (as a cathode), followed by measurement of emission luminance (brightness) with time so as to determine a time (luminance half-life) required for decreasing an initial luminance (60-220 cd/m²) to ½ thereof.

[0158] The results are shown in Table 45 appearing hereinafter.

Comparative Example 1

[0159] A comparative luminescence device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 3-11 except that the Ir complexes (metal coordination compounds shown in Table 45) was changed to Ir-phenylpyrimidine complex (Ir(ppy)₃) shown below.

[0160] The results are also also shown in Table 45 below. TABLE 45 Ex. No. Compound No. Luminance half-life (Hr) Ex. 3 6 700 Ex. 4 23 850 Ex. 5 43 950 Ex. 6 54 800 Ex. 7 72 850 Ex. 8 99 750 Ex. 9 118 600 Ex. 10 153 700 Ex. 11 440 650 Comp. Ex. 1 Ir (ppy)₃ 350

[0161] As is apparent from Table 45, compared with the conventional luminescence device using Ir(ppy)₃, the luminescence devices using the metal coordination compounds of formula (1) according to the present invention provide longer luminance half-lives, thus resulting in an EL device having a high durability (luminance stability) based on a good stability of the metal coordination compound of formula (1) of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 12

[0162] A color organic EL display apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was prepared in the following manner.

[0163] An active matrix substrate had a planar structure basically similar to a structure described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,114,715.

[0164] Specifically, on a 1.1 mm-thick glass substrate, top gate-type TFTs of polycrystalline silicon were formed in an ordinary manner and thereon, a flattening film was formed with contact holes for electrical connection with a pixel electrode (anode) at respective source regions, thus preparing an active matrix substrate with a TFT circuit.

[0165] On the active matrix substrate, a 700 nm-thick pixel electrode (anode) of ITO having a large work function was formed in a prescribed pattern. On the ITO electrode, prescribed organic layers and a 100 nm-thick Al electrode (cathode) were successively formed by vacuum deposition with a hard mask, followed by patterning to form a matrix of color pixels (128×128 pixels).

[0166] The respective organic layers corresponding to three color pixels (red (R) green (G) and blue (B)) were consisting of the following layers. <R Pixel Region>

[0167] α-NPD (40 nm)/CBP: Ex. Comp. No. 487 (93:7 by weight) (30 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Alq 3 (40 nm)

[0168] <G Pixel Region>

[0169] α-NPD (50 nm)/Alq 3 (50 nm)

[0170] <B Pixel Region>

[0171] α-NPD (50 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Alq 3 (50 nm)

[0172] When the thus-prepared color organic EL display apparatus was driven, desired color image data can be displayed stably with good image qualities.

EXAMPLE 13 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 24)

[0173] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) instead of 2-bromopyridine in Example 1.

[0174] Tris[2-(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-C³,N]iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 14 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 25)

[0175] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using 2-chloro-4,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (made by Oakwood Products Inc.) instead of 2-bromopyridine in Example 1.

[0176] Tris[2-(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)-4,5-3 bis(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 15 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 26)

[0177] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of 2-bromopyridine in Example 1.

[0178] Tris[2-(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)-5-methylpyridine-C³,NJiridium (III).

EXAMPLE 16 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 28)

[0179] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2-bromo-9,9-diethylfluorene was synthesized from 2-bromofluorene and iodoethane in the same manner as the process described in Example 1 at page 32 of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application (Tokuhyo Hei) 11-510535 (corr. to U.S. Pat. No. 5,708,130) and was modified ito 2-(9,9-diethylfluorenyl)borate in the same manner as in Example 1 (of the present application), followed by reaction with 2-bromopyridine to synthesize 2-{2-(9,9-diethyl-fluorenyl)pyridine and then reaction with iridium (III) acetylacetonate in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0180] Tris[2-(9,9-diethylfluorene-2-yl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 17 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 29)

[0181] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 16 except for using 1-iodopropane (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of iodoethane in Example 16.

[0182] Tris{2-[9,9-di(1-propyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C³,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 18 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 30)

[0183] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 16 except for using 1-iodobutane (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of iodoethane in Example 16.

[0184] Tris{2-[9,9-di(1-butyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C³,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 19 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 31)

[0185] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 16 except for using 1-iodopentane (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of iodoethane in Example 16.

[0186] Tris{2-[9,9-di(1-pentyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C³ N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 20 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 32)

[0187] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 16 except for using 1-iodohexane (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of iodoethane in Example 16.

[0188] Tris{2-[9,9-di(1-hexyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C³,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 21 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 33)

[0189] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 16 except for using 1-iodoheptane (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of iodoethane in Example 16.

[0190] Tris{2-[9,9-di(1-heptyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C3,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 22 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 34)

[0191] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 16 except for using 1-iodooctane (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of iodoethane in Example 16.

[0192] Tris{2-[9,9-di(1-octyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C³,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 23 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 35)

[0193] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 16 except for using 1-iododecane (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of iodoethane and using 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) instead of 2-bromopyridine, in Example 16.

[0194] Tris{2-[9,9-di(1-decyl)fluorene-2-yl]-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-C³,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 24 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 37)

[0195] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 16 except for using 1-bromoeicosane (made by Aldrich Co.) instead of iodoethane in Example 16.

[0196] Tris{2-[9,9-di(1-eicosyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C³,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 25 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 44)

[0197] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 2 except for using 2-(9,9-diethylfluorenyl)boronic acid instead of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)boronic acid in Example 2.

[0198] Tris[2,5-bis(9,9-diethylfluorene-2-yl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 26 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 45)

[0199] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 2 except for using 2-[9,9-di(1-pentyl)fluorenyl]boronic acid instead of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)boronic acid in Example 2.

[0200] Tris{2,5-bis[9,9-di(1-pentyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C³,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 27 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 47)

[0201] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 2 except for using 2-[9,9-di(1-pentadecyl)fluorenyl]boronic acid instead of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)boronic acid in Example 2.

[0202] Tris{2,5-bis[9,9-di(1-pentadecyl)fluorene-2-yl]pyridine-C³,N}iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 28 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 146)

[0203] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using dibenzofuran-4-boronic acid (made by Frontier Scientific Inc.) instead of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)-boronic acid in Example 1.

[0204] Tris[2-(dibenzofuran)-4-yl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 29 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 147)

[0205] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using dibenzothiophene-4-boronic acid (made by Frontier Scientific Inc.) instead of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)boronic acid in Example 1.

[0206] Tris[2-(benzothiophene)-4-yl)pyridine-C³ N]iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 30 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 149)

[0207] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 2 except for using dibenzofuran-4-boronic acid (made by Frontier Scientific Inc.) instead of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)-boronic acid in Example 1.

[0208] Tris[2,d-bis(dibenzofuran)-4-yl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 31 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 150)

[0209] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 2 except for using dibenzothiophene-4-boronic acid (made by Frontier Scientific Inc.) instead of 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)-boronic acid in Example 2.

[0210] Tris[2,5-bis(benzothiophene)-4-yl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III).

EXAMPLE 32

[0211] An organic EL device shown in FIG. 1C was prepared in the following manner.

[0212] On a 100 nm-thick patterned ITO electrode (anode) formed on a 1.1 mm-thick no-alkali glass substrate, a 40 nm-thick charge transport layer of α-NPD was formed by vacuum deposition (10⁻⁴ Pa) at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm/sec. On the charge transport layer, a 40 nm-thick luminescence layer (co-deposited film) of CBP: iridium complex of Ex. Comp. No. 23 (93:7 by weight) was formed by co-vacuum deposition at deposition rates of 0.1 nm/sec (for CBP) and 0.09 nm/sec (for the iridium complex) by controlling heating conditions of deposition vessel. On the luminescence layer, a 40 nm-thick exciton diffusion prevention layer of BCP (Bathocuproine) was formed by vacuum deposition at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm/sec, and or the exciton diffusion prevention layer, a 20 nm-thick electron transport layer of Alq 3 was formed by vacuum deposition at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm/sec. Thereafter, or the electron transport layer, a 150 nm-thick aluminum electrode (cathode) was formed by vacuum deposition at a deposition rate of 1 nm/sec.

[0213] The thus-prepared organic EL device exhibited an EL spectrum showing λmax=545 nm and luminescent efficiencies of 12.4 lm/W at a luminance of 100 cd/m² and 13.6 lm/W at a luminance of 600 cd/m².

EXAMPLE 33

[0214] An organic EL device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 32 except for using Tris[2,5-bis(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)-pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 43) in place of Tris[2-(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)pyridine-C³,N]iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 23) synthesized in Example 1.

[0215] The thus-prepared organic EL device exhibited an EL spectrum showing λmax=590 nm and luminescent efficiencies of 2.4 lm/W at a luminance of 100 cd/m² and 1.9 lm/W at a luminance of 300 cd/m².

EXAMPLE 34 (Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 54)

[0216] It is easy to synthesize the following compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using 4-phenyl-1-bromopyridine (made by General Intermediates of Canada) instead of 2-bromopyridine in Example 1.

[0217] Tris[2-(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)-4-phenylpyridine-C3,N]iridium (III).

[0218] As described above, according to the present invention, the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) characterized by the aromatic group of the formula (5) as a partial structure is an excellent material which exhibits a high emission quantum efficiency. The electroluminescence device (luminescence device) of the present invention using, as a luminescent center material, the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) is an excellent device which not only allows high-efficiency luminescence but also retains a high luminance for a long period and shows little deterioration by current passage. Further, the display apparatus using the electroluminescence device of the present invention exhibits excellent display performances. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A metal coordination compound represented by formula (1) below: ML_(m)L′_(n)(1), wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′_(n) is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:

wherein CyN1 and CyN2 are each cyclic group capable of having a substituent, including a nitrogen atom and bonded to the metal atom M via the nitrogen atom; CyC1 and CyC2 are each cyclic group capable of having a substituent, including a carbon atom and bonded to the metal atom M via the carbon atom with the proviso that the cyclic group CyN1 and the cyclic group CyC1 are bonded to each other via a covalent bond and the cyclic group CyN2 and the cyclic group CyC2 are bonded to each other via covalent bond; the optional substituent of the cyclic groups is selected from a halogen atom, cyano group, a nitro group, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom); E and G are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; and at least one of the optional substituent(s) of the cyclic groups, and the cyclic groups CyC1 and CyC2 include an aromatic group capable of having a substituent represented by the following formula (5):

wherein the aromatic group of the formula (5) is bonded to CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 or CyC2 via a single bond when the aromatic group is the optional substituent(s) of the cyclic groups, and the aromatic group of the formula (5) is bonded to CyNl or CyN2 via a single bond and bonded to the metal atom M via a single bond when the aromatic group is CyC1 or CyC2; Y denotes C═O, CRR′, C═C(CN)₂, O or S wherein R and R′ are independently a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom); and the optional substituent of the aromatic group of the formula (5) is selected from a halogen atom, cyano group, a nitro group, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom) with the proviso that an adjacent pair of substituents can be bonded to form a cyclic structure.
 2. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, including a partial structure ML′n represented by the formula (3) in the formula (1).
 3. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, including a partial structure ML′_(n) represented by the formula (4) in the formula (1).
 4. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, wherein n is 0 in the formula (1).
 5. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, wherein the group Y in the formula (5) is C═O or CRR′.
 6. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic groups CyC1 and CyC2 are independently selected from phenyl group, thienyl group, thianaphthyl group, naphthyl group, pyrenyl group, 9-fluorenonyl group, fluorenyl group, dibenzofuryl group, dibenzothienyl group, or carbazolyl group, as an aromatic cyclic group capable of having a substituent with the proviso that the aromatic cyclic group can include one or two CH groups that can be replaced with a nitrogen atom.
 7. A metal coordination compound according to claim 6, wherein the cyclic groups CyC1 and Cy2 are independently phenyl group or 2-fluorenyl group.
 8. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic groups CyN1 and CyN2 are independently selected from pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, and pyrimidinyl group, as an aromatic cyclic group capable of having a substituent.
 9. A metal coordination compound according to claim 8, wherein the aromatic cyclic group is pyridyl group.
 10. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic groups CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2 are independently non-substituted , or have a substituent selected from a halogen atom and a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms {of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, or a divalent aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom)), and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom}.
 11. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, wherein M in the formula (1) is iridium.
 12. A metal coordination compound according to claim 1, which is represented by the following formula (6):

wherein X denotes CRR′, O or S where R and R′ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group of formula: C_(n)H_(2n+1)− in which n is an integer of 1-20, the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O— and also can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; R2 denotes a hydrogen atom; a fluorine atom; a linear or branched alkyl group of formula: C_(n)H_(2n+1)− in which n is an integer of 1-20, the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O— and also can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; a phenyl group capable of having a substituent; a 9,9-dialkylfluorenyl group (of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group of formula: C_(n)H_(2n+1)− in which n is an integer of 1-20, the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O— and also can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom); a dibenzofuranyl group capable of having a substituent; and a dibenzothienyl group capable of having a substituent; the optional substituent of phenyl group, 9,9-dialkylfluorenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group and dibenzothienyl group is a fluorine atom or a linear or branched alkyl group of formula: C_(n)H_(2n+1)− in which n is an integer of 1-20, the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O— and also can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom.
 13. An electroluminescence device, comprising: a pair of electrodes disposed on a substrate, and a luminescence unit comprising at least one organic compound disposed between the electrodes, wherein the organic compound comprises a metal coordination compound represented by the formula (1) in claim
 1. 14. An electroluminescence device according to claim 13, wherein a voltage is applied between the electrodes to emit light.
 15. An electroluminescence device according to claim 13, wherein a voltage is applied between the electrodes to emit phosphorescence.
 16. A picture display apparatus, comprising an electroluminescence device according to claim 13, and a means for supplying electric signals to the electroluminescence device. 